3. Why it was only the Northend Ireland join to England?

The emergence of Sinn Fein: AD 1916-1919

In the years after the events of 1916 more people than ever before in Ireland believed that independence from Britain is the only way forward. At this stage the majority still put faith in constitutional methods recommended by John Redmond's Nationalist Home Rule party. The approach of Sinn Feiners violence, as seen in the Easter Rising, which had relatively little support.

This change for several years, mainly because the British government's inability to provide new initiatives as the World War sucks, and thus delay - seems endless - the fulfillment of Home Rule Act passed in 1914.

Asquith and Lloyd George to make efforts in the right direction. Consultation is carried out, the convention was held, and the prisoners serving jail sentences for the 1916 Easter event, which was released in two waves (in December 1916, June 1917).

But the atmosphere in Ireland's impatience grows. Sinn Fein candidates began to win the election for a sensational victory, and the parties have an energetic new leader. Éamon de Valera, was released from prison in June 1917, elected to the head of Sinn Fein, replacing its founder Arthur Griffith.

Unrest increased in the spring of 1918 when the British government, very short people in the western front, efforts to implement conscription in Ireland. Protests followed, and the heavy hand of the authorities response Dublin exacerbate the situation. Vice king, claiming evidence of a treasonable conspiracy between Sinn Fein and Germany, the arrest of seventy-three Sinn Fein leaders, including Griffith and de Valera, for one night in May.

No one believes in the German plot, and when the evidence produced is almost entirely related to the already well-known events 1914-16. The resulting mood in Ireland is expressed in terms that are not clear in the general election in December 1918.

Sinn Fein poll more than two times as many votes as the Nationalist party, and won all but six seats previously held by the Nationalists. De Valera defeated Nationalist leader (now John Dillon, after Redmond's death), and the new leading light of the republican movement, Michael Collins, returned to West Cork.

The members of Sinn Fein did not intend to take their seats at Westminster. Instead, they gathered in the Dublin Mansion House in January 1919 as the Dail Éireann (Assembly Eire). Officers elected: Griffith of the Interior, Collins Financial, de Valera as President. De Valera once again in prison in Britain; national assembly is not only in name. But two years of violence will change that.


Stumbling towards a settlement: AD 1920-1922

In 1920 Lloyd George to secure part of the Government of Ireland Act which put a new spin on the proposal passed into law in 1914. The division of Ireland must be accepted as a necessary compromise, but both southern Ireland (twenty-six counties) and Northern Ireland (the six districts of the northeast Ulster) are now to have their own parliament with limited powers handed. Each parliament is to send two dozen members of the Board along with Ireland, which may at any time combine the two without requiring further legislation from Westminster.

Nationalist proposal does not meet the desire to unite Ireland, Unionist and a desire to remain a part that is not distinguishable from the United Kingdom. But both sides decided to take part in elections held in May 1921.

Southern Ireland the old Nationalist party, under John Dillon, refrain from opposing Sinn Fein. Therefore, Sinn Fein won 124 of 128 seats (the other four are reserved for strong Unionist Trinity College in Dublin). Feiners Sinn 124 is now assembled as reconstituted Dail. But this is not the southern parliament provided for in Lloyd George's action, and the IRA continued to conduct terrorist acts in Sinn Fein's republican cause.

In northern Ireland forty-member union and twelve Nationalists selected. Although the unions object to the principle of this parliament, it was officially opened by George V (with a powerful speech urging reconciliation) in June 1921.

With much accomplished, Lloyd George offered a truce to the Sinn Fein leader, Eamon de Valera, and invited him to London in order to work out an agreement.

Ceasefire came into effect on July 11, 1921. Violence in southern Ireland immediately stopped. De Valera sends representatives, led by Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins, to the peace talks in London. They agreed to the terms that do not meet the demand for a united Irish nationalists, but which still offers the independence of the twenty-six districts. Irish Free State as they have the status of the Dominion, in the formula pioneered by Canada. Republican sensibilities assuaged by the faithful to the British crown only as head of the 'British Commonwealth of Nations'.

Anglo-Irish Treaty was ratified by the British parliament in December 1921, but soon ran into trouble in Ireland. De Valera rejected it, arguing that the delegates agreed to terms beyond their brief. In January, after a heated debate in the Dail, Griffith and Collins carry the movement of their agreement with the narrow margin of 64 votes to 57. De Valera immediately resigns as president of the Dail. Griffith elected in his place.

In northern Ireland the new parliament is now functioning, and already there is talk about the accommodation of some kind with the south. But civil war south of the border and sectarian riots in the north to end it. For the rest of the century, from 1922, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland apart.

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